IPHREHAB : OBESITY & RISKS

IPHREHAB

OBESITY 


 RISKS
Obesity has major adverse effects on health. 
Very obese individuals have as much as a twelvefold increase in mortality. 
Morality rates rise as obesity increases, particularly when obesity is associated with increased intraabdominal fat.
It is also apparent that the degree to which obesity affects particular organ systems is influenced by susceptibility genes.

Insulin Resistance and Type 2 DM is more strongly linked to intraabdominal fat than to fat in other depots. 

Obesity, however, is a major risk factor for diabetes, and as many as 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are obese.

Weight loss, even of modest degree, leads to increased insulin sensitivity.

Reproductive Disorders. Male hypogonadism is associated with increased adipose tissue, plasma testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are often reduced, 

Gynecomastia may be seen. However, masculinization, libido, potency, and spermatogenesis are preserved in most of these individuals. 

Obesity has long been associated with menstrual abnormalities in women, 

Interestingly, most nonobese women with PCOS are also insulin-resistant, suggesting that insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, or the combination of the two are causative or contribute to the ovarian patho-physiology.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS

Framing ham Study revealed that obesity is an independent risk factor for CVS  disease in men and women.

The waist/hip ratio may be the best predictor of these risks.

Obesity is also associated with high BP.

Measurement of blood pressure should be larger cuff size to avoid artifactual increases. 

PULMONARY DISEASE

Severe obesity is  associated with obstructive “Sleep Apnea Syndrome”

In Obesity there is sixfold increased in gallstones. 

In Obese  males there is higher mortality from cancer of the colon, rectum, and prostate 

RISKS

In obese females there  higher risk of cancer of the gallbladder, bile ducts, breasts, endometrium, cervix, and ovaries. 

In obese  prevalence of osteoarthritis, is very high due to the trauma of added weight bearing. The prevalence of gout is also increased.